Species specification of ruminant gastrointestinal nematodes by molecular methods and risk of spread in the ecological conditions of Slovakia

An optimally functioning digestive tract of ruminants is a basic condition for overall health, immunology, physiology, weight and trophy. The prestomachs, small and large intestines are a relatively common site of parasitism for nematodes from the Trichostrongylidae family. In wild animals, they more often have a subclinical course, their importance lies primarily in the disruption of welfare and economic losses in game preserves and hunting grounds due to a decrease in the weight of the game as well as the quality of the trophy. Parasites cause catarrhal inflammation, disrupt the mucous membrane and thus make it difficult to digest and use the food received. Subsequently, the body weakens overall and susceptibility to bacterial and viral diseases increases. Diagnosis is also complicated by the introduction of the non-native gastrointestinal nematode species Ashworthius sidemi and its pathogenic action. The application of molecular techniques therefore becomes an essential part of the monitoring.