FIALKOVIČOVÁ, Mária - BENKOVÁ, Marta - TÓTHOVÁ, Csilla - KEJR, Kristin Maria - KUNAY, Lukáš - GOMULCOVÁ, Simona - HORŇÁKOVÁ, Ľubica- KARASOVÁ, Martina - BIELIK, Bohumil - TAKÁČOVÁ, Martina - WEISSOVÁ, Tatiana: The significance of monitoring serum and faecal calprotectin in healthy dogs. In Folia veterinaria. ISSN 0015-5748, 2024, roč. 68, č. 4, s. 54-61.

Basic data
OCA1. Surname awarded to the assessed person	Fialkovičová
OCA2. Name awarded to the assessed person	Mária
OCA3. Degrees awarded to the assessed person	Assoc. prof. , DVM, PhD
OCA4. Hyperlink to the entry of the person in the Register of university staff	https://www.portalvs.sk/regzam/detail/6018
OCA5. Area of assessment	study programme internal diseases of animals · III. degree
OCA6. Category of the research/artistic/other output	scientific output
OCA7. Year of publication of the research/artistic/other output	2024
OCA8. ID of the record in the Central Registry of Publication Activity (CRPA) or the Central Registry of Artistic Activity (CRAA)
OCA9. Hyperlink to the record in CRPA or CRAA
Characteristics of the output that is not registered in CRPA or CRAA
OCA10. Hyperlink to the record in another publicly accessible register, catalogue of research/ artistic/other outputs	.
OCA11. Characteristics of the output in the format of the CRPA or the CRAA bibliographic record, if the output is not available in a publicly accessible register or catalogue of outputs	FIALKOVIČOVÁ, Mária - BENKOVÁ, Marta - TÓTHOVÁ, Csilla - KEJR, Kristin Maria - KUNAY, Lukáš - GOMULCOVÁ, Simona - HORŇÁKOVÁ, Ľubica- KARASOVÁ, Martina - BIELIK, Bohumil - TAKÁČOVÁ, Martina - WEISSOVÁ, Tatiana: The significance of monitoring serum and faecal calprotectin in healthy dogs. In Folia veterinaria. ISSN 0015-5748, 2024, roč. 68, č. 4, s. 54-61.
OCA12. Type of the output (if the output is not registered in CRPA or CRAA)	article
OCA13. Hyperlink to the webpage where the output is available (full text, other documentation, etc.)	.
OCA14. Characteristics of the author's contribution	Chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) represent 10-20% of the total number of diseases in clinical practice and their increase is still being recorded. Chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) in dogs and cats represent a heterogeneous group of GIT disorders with clinical signs that persist for at least 3 weeks or longer if other intestinal diseases such as parasitism, intestinal obstruction or neoplasia have been excluded. The most common clinical signs of CIE are diarrhea, vomiting, borborygmi, bloating, weight changes, anorexia or abdominal pain. New biomarkers are already being used for the accurate diagnosis of CIE, including serum and fecal calprotectin.
OCA15. Annotation of the output with contextual information concerning the description of creative process and the content of the research/artistic/other activity, etc.	The aim of this study was to monitor the concentrations of serum and faecal calprotectin in healthy dogs, determine confidence intervals, and observe its dependence on factors such as age. This study included 70 dogs representing 16 breeds, including samples collected from small and medium sized mixed breeds. Moreover, all dogs were fed dry kibble. The concentrations of calprotectin in serum and faeces were measured using the Quantitative Sandwich ELISA kit from MyBioSource, specifically designed for canine samples. Faecal sample preparation followed the manufacturer’s instructions for the specific canine ELISA test, and the obtained concentrations of serum and faecal calprotectin were divided into groups in relation to age. The first group consisted of individuals up to one year of age and one-year-old dogs. The following groups consisted of dogs of age 2‒4 years, 5‒7 years, 8‒9 years, and 10‒12 years. Monitoring the faecal calprotectin in healthy dogs showed a range of values from 2.63 to 28.81 ng.ml-1, while serum calprotectin concentrations ranged from 3.23 to 13.51 ng.ml-1. larger numbers of dogs will be needed in the future for monitoring.
Other data
OCA16. Annotation of the output in English	The aim of this study was to monitor the concentrations of serum and faecal calprotectin in healthy dogs, determine confidence intervals, and observe its dependence on factors such as age. This study included 70 dogs representing 16 breeds, including samples collected from small and medium sized mixed breeds. Moreover, all dogs were fed dry kibble. The concentrations of calprotectin in serum and faeces were measured using the Quantitative Sandwich ELISA kit from MyBioSource, specifically designed for canine samples. Faecal sample preparation followed the manufacturer’s instructions for the specific canine ELISA test, and the obtained concentrations of serum and faecal calprotectin were divided into groups in relation to age. The first group consisted of individuals up to one year of age and one-year-old dogs. The following groups consisted of dogs of age 2‒4 years, 5‒7 years, 8‒9 years, and 10‒12 years. Monitoring the faecal calprotectin in healthy dogs showed a range of values from 2.63 to 28.81 ng.ml-1, while serum calprotectin concentrations ranged from 3.23 to 13.51 ng.ml-1. The statistical analysis confirmed that calprotectin levels in faeces and serum did not differ significantly across different ages. However, when monitoring calprotectin concentrations in serum and faeces of healthy dogs was based on weight, the dogs were divided into groups according to size. The group with large dog breeds consisted of individuals over 20 kg (n = 15), the group with medium-sized dogs included individuals weighing between 12 kg and 20kg (n = 16), and the largest group consisted of small dog breeds under 12 kg (n = 39). Statistical analysis confirmed a significant difference when comparing faecal calprotectin levels based on the size of dogs but the serum calprotectin concentrations did not differ significantly with respect to dog size. Based on these calculations, confidence intervals for faecal calprotectin and serum calprotectin in healthy dogs ranged from 10.96 to 15.14 ng.ml-1 and 7.96 to 8.49 ng.ml-1, respectively. Since this is the first study on calprotectin in serum and faeces of healthy dogs using the mentioned ELISA test, further studies on larger numbers of dogs will be needed in the future.
OCA17. List of maximum 5 most significant citations corresponding to the output
OCA18. Characteristics of the output's impact on socio-economic practice	The above knowledge provides important information for accurate differential diagnosis of severe chronic gastrointestinal disease. To utilize the aforementioned biomarker - calprotectin, which is used for accurate identification, characterization and localization of GIT disease in sick dogs, it is necessary to determine accurate concentrations of calprotectin in healthy dogs depending on physiological factors that may affect the concentration of the aforementioned biomarker.
OCA19. Characteristics of the output and related activities' impact on the educational process	It is also important in pedagogical practice to explain the differentiation of chronic gastroenteropathies in dogs, which are associated with leukocyte migration into the intestine and this is translated into the production of several proteins that can be detected in serum or feces. Calprotectin is an abundant protein contained in infiltrated leukocytes, mainly granulocytes, but also lymphocytes at sites of inflammation, where it is released into the extracellular spaces due to cell lysis. It seems that the concentration of fecal calprotectin is a useful biomarker of intestinal inflammation in dogs. For the evaluation of calprotectin in serum and feces in sick dogs, it is necessary to develop confidence intervals for the assessment of this biomarker in healthy dogs.